In Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, reporting rates for tu-
berculosis (TB) are rising in an emerging HIV epidemic. To
describe the HIV epidemic among TB patients and quan-
tify its impact on rates of reported TB, we performed a re-
peated cross-sectional survey from 1997 through 2002 in
a randomly selected sample of inner city TB patients. We
assessed effect by adjusting TB case reporting rates by the
fraction of TB cases attributable to HIV infection. HIV preva-
lence in TB patients rose exponentially from 1.5% to 9.0%
during the study period. Young (<35 years), single, male pa-
tients were mostly affected; injection drug use was a potent
risk factor. After correction for HIV infection, the trend in TB
reporting rates changed from a 1.9% increase to a 0.4% de-
crease per year. An emerging HIV epidemic, concentrated
in young, male, injection drug users, is responsible for in-
creased TB reporting rates in urban Vietnam.
