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Wednesday

ALISON là nơi học miễn phí nhiều thứ!

Tại trang Alison.com, bạn có thể học được rất, rất nhiều thứ, hoàn toàn miễn phí!

- Lập trình với Python

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- Giám sát, đánh giá

- Tiêu chuẩn chất lượng

- Học online thế nào cho hiệu quả

- Dùng Access như thế nào?

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- Định giá sản phẩm tài chính thì làm thế nào?

Và còn tỷ thứ nữa, chắc một đời người không thế học hết được!

Khả năng quan trọng nhất mà con người cần có: Khả năng tự học!

Friday

Các từ viết tắt và nghĩa của chúng

Acronyms


AA - Administrative Assistant
ABA - Applied Behaviour Analysts
ABE - Alternative Based Education
ABEC - Alternative Basic Education Centre
AC - Administrative Council
ACAPES - Cultural Association for Education and Social Self-Promotion
ACF - Action Contre la Faim (Action Against Hunger)
ACCRA - African Climate Change Resilience Alliance Conference
ACP - Africa, Caribbean and Pacific
ACRWC - African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
AD - Adolescent Development
AD - Area Director
ADB - Asian Development Bank
ADC - Area Development Committee
ADRA - Adventist Development and Relief Association
AER - Annual Estimate of Requirements
AfDB - African Development Bank
AFT - Advanced Field Training
AFU - Annual Family Update
AGE - Anti-Government Elements
AGRITEX - Agriculture, Technical and Extension services
AIDS - Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome
AL - Adult Literacy
ALNAP - Active Learning Network of Accountability and Performance
ALP - Alternative Learning Programme
AMP - Annual Manement Plan
AMS - Award Management System (formerly GMS - Grant Management System)
AMT - Advocacy Measurement Tool
ANC - Ante Natal Care
ANEP - Agriculture and Nutrition Extension Project
ANM - Auxiliary Nurse Midwife
AO - Area Office
AOT - Activity Output Tracker
APLM - Anti Personnel Land Mine
APS - Annual Program Statement
AR - Annual Report
ARI - Acite Respiratory Infection
ARM - Area Manager Report
ARM - Armenian dram (currency)
ARSH - Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health
ASAL - Arid and Semi-Arid Lands
ASEAN - Association of South East Asian Nations
ASISt - Automated Sponsorship Information System (SC US sponsorship database)
ASR - Annual Status Report
AU - African Union
AusAID - Australian Agency for International Development
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BBB - Blackbaud (fundraising software)
BC - Behaviour Centred
BCC - Behaviour Change Communication (also called IEC)
BCG - Bacillus Calmette Guerin (TB vaccine)
BCG - Boston Consulting Group
BDS - Business Development Services
BE - Basic Education
BEmONC - Basic Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care
BF - Breast Feeding
BHC - Basic Health Centre
BHS - Basic Health Services
BIDP - Best Interest Determination Panel
BLEND - Better Living, Education, Nutrition, and Development (project)
BMI - Body Mass Index
BMIC - Big and Middle Income Countries
BNSP - Basic Nutrition Services Package
BOND - British Overseas NGO for Development
BPHS - Basic Package of Health Services
BPRM - Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration
BSFP - Blanket Supplementary Feeding Programme
BSO - Building Safer Organisations
BTL - Better Teaching and Learning

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CC&F - Cost and Freight
C&W - Children and War
CAB - China Association of the Blind
CABA - Children Affected By AIDS
CAC - Community AIDS Committee
CAFF - Children Affected by Fighting Forces
CAP - Consolidated Appeal Process
CAP - Country Annual Plan (also Country Annual Planning)
CAR - Cordillera Administrative Region (Philippines)
CAR - Country Annual Report
CASP - Common Approach to Sponsorship-funded Programming
CATCH - Coordinated Approach To Child Health
CBA - Cost-Benefit Analysis
CBAC - Capacity Building & Assessment Centre
CBC - Community Based Classes
CBCCC - Community Based Child Care Centres
CBCPC - Community Based Child Protection Committee/Council
CBD - Community Based Distribution (refers to contraceptives)
CBDRM - Community Based Disaster Risk Management
CBE - Community Based Education
CBHA - Consortium of British Humanitarian Agencies
CBHC - Community Based Health Care
CBI - Community Based Interventions
CBO - Community Based Organisation
CBP - Capacity Building and Preparedness
CBR - Community Based Rehabilitation (usually in CWD context)
CBR - Crude Birth Rate
CBS - Community Based School
CC - Children's Clubs
CC - Climate Change
CCA - Climate Change Adaptation
CCG - Country Consultation Group
CCLEE - Combating Child Labout and Exploitation through Education
CCM - Community Case Management
CCMW - Community Case Management Worker
CCT - Conditional Cash Transfer
CCWC - Commune Committee for Women and Children
CCYMCR - Cambodia Children and Young People Movement for Child Rights
C-DOTS - Community Directly Observed for Treatment Short course
CD - Community Development
CD - Country Director
CDC - Community Development Council/Committee
CDC - Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
CDD - Community Driven Development
CDD - Control of Diarheaol Diseases
CDPF - China Disabled Persons' Federation
CDQ - Community Defined Quality
CDR - Crude Death Rate
CDRC - Citizen's Disaster Response Centre
CE - Community Engagement
CEO - Chief Executive Officer
CEE - Central and Eastern Europe
CEF - Save the Children Emergency Fund
CERF - UN Children's Emergency Response Fund
CESR - Centre for Environmental and Social Economic Regeneration (India)
CF - Children's Fund
CF - Community Facilitator
CFC - Civil-Military Fusion Centre
CFS - Child Friendly School
CFS - Child Friendly Spaces
CFW - Cash for Work
CG - Collaborative/Consultative Group
CGRS - Contract Grant Review System (used by Save the Children US)
CH - Case History
CHA - Community Health Agent
CHAON - Children's Action Against Oppression and Neglect
CHC - Community Health Centre
CHH - Child Headed Households
CHF - Common Humanitarian Funding
ChSW - Children of Sex Workers (Bangladesh)
CHV - Community Health Volunteer
CHW - Community Health Worker
CIC - Children In Crisis
CICL - Child In Conflict with the Law
CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight
CIMCI - Community Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
CIP - Community Investment Plan
CLAN - Community Leaders' Action Network
CLSS - Community Life Saving Skills
CM - Community Mobilisation/Mobiliser
CMAM - Community Management of Acute Malnutrition
CMR - Child Mortality Rate / Crude Mortality Rate
CMST - Community Management Skills Training
CMT - Crisis Management Team
CNCC - Cambodia National Council for Children
CO - Country Office
CO - Community Organisation
COC - Code Of Conduct
CoD - Cost of Diet
COLA - Cost Of Living Allowance
CONAFE - National Coalition of Associations and NGOs in Favour of Children
COO - Chief Operating Officer
CoP - Chief of Party
COSUDE - Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperacin (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, DEZA)
CP - Child Protection
CP - Children's Parliament
CPA - Certified Public Accountant
CPAN - Child Protection Action Network
CPC - Child Protection Committee
CPH - Core Process Harmonisation
CPI - Child Protection Initiative
CPIE - Child Protection In Emergencies
CPM - Child Protection Movement
CPN - Child Protection Network
CPP - Child Protection Policy
CPR - Contraception Prevalence Rate
CPTS - Child Protection Trainee Schemes
CPU - Child Protection Unit
CR - Child Rights
CRAN - Child Rights Advocacy Network
CRB - Child Rights Based
CRC - Convention on the Rights of the Child
CRENAM Centre de Rhabilitation Nutritionnelle Ambulatoire Modre / Out-patient Nutrition Recuperation Centre for Moderate Malnutrition
CRENAS Centre de Rhabilitation Nutritionnelle Ambulatoire Svre / Out-patient Nutrition Recuperation Centre for Severe Malnutrition
CRENI - Centres de Rhabilitation Nutritionnelle intensive/ Intensive Nutrition Recuperation Centre for Severe Malnutrition / Centro de Recuperacin Nutricional Intensivo
CRG - Child Rights Governance
CRM - Child Rights Movement
CRM - Cost Related Market
CRM - Customer Relationship Management
CRP - Child Rights Programming
CRSA - Child Rights Situation Analysis
CS - Country Strategy
CSA - Chronically Sick Adult
CSAE - Child Sexually Abused and Exploited
CSB - Corn Soya Blend
CSE - Comprehensive Sexuality Education
CSI - Coping Strategies Index
CSO - Child Safe Organisation
CSO - Civil Society Organisation
CSODR - Civil Society Organisation for Disaster Reduction
CSP - Child Safeguarding Policy
CSP - Community Schools Project
CSP - Country Strategic Plan
CSR - Corporate Social Responsibility
CSS - Comprehensive School Safety (usually in DRR context)
CSSP - Child Sensitive Social Protection
CT - Cash Transfer
CTC - Child-To-Child
CTC - Community-based Therapeutic Care
CTC - Cross Thematic Cost
CV - Community Volunteer
CW - Children and Work
CWAC - Children Without Adequate/Appropriate Care
CWC - Councils for the Welfare of Children
CWCC - Cambodia Women's Crisis Centre
CWD - Children With Disabilities
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DD&D - Decentralisation and Deconcentration (Cambodia specific)
D2D - Door to Door (donor acquisition/fundraising activity)
DANIDA - Danish International Development Agency
DAPP - Development Aid People to People
DC - District Commissioner
DCD - Deputy Country Director
DCM - Drought Cycle Management
DCOF - Displaced Children and Orphans Fund
DD - Deputy Director
DD - Diahreaol Disease
DD - Due Diligence
DDC - Direction du dveloppement et de la coopration, DEZA
DDR - Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration
DDRC - District Disaster Relief Committees
DEC - Disaster Emergency Committee
DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DEO - District Education Office/Officer
DepEd - Department of Education
DevEd - Development Education
DEZA - Direktion fr Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit (Swiss Agncy for Development and Cooperation)
DFA - Delegated Financial Authority
DFID - Department for International Development (UK)
DHMT - District Health Management Team
DHO - District Health Office
DHS - Demographic and Health Study/Survey
DHS - District Health Services
DILG - Department of Interior and Local Government
DIPECHO - European Commission Humanitarian Aid department's Disaster Preparedness programme
DM - Direct Mail
DM&E - Design, Monitoring and Evaluation
DMI - Drought Management Office
DMO - District Medical Officer (health)
DMO - District Monitoring Officer
DMS - Document Management System
DNA - Damage and Needs Assessment
DND - Department of National Defence
DO - District Officer
DOC - Disaster Operating Centre
DOE - District Officer of Education
DOO - Director of Operations
DOST - Department of Science and Technology
DOTS - Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course
DP - Disaster Preparedness
DPF - Disabled Persons' Federation
DPO - Disabled Persons' Organisation
DPR - Disaster Preparedness Response
DPRK - Democratic People's Republic of Korea
DPT - Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus (vaccine)
DRC - Democratic Republic of Congo
DRM - Direct Response Marketing
DRM - Disaster Risk Management
DRR & CCA - Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
DRRM - Disaster Risk Reduction Management
DRTL - Deputy Response Team Leader
DRTV - Direct Response Television (fundraising TV ads)
DSC - District Steering Committee
DSG - District Steering Group
DSWD - Department of Social Welfare and Development

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EEA - Emergency Advisor
EAC - East African Council
EARO - East Africa Regional Office
EBE - Extended Basic Education
EBF - Exclusive Breast Feeding
ECB - Emergency Capacity Building
ECCD - Early Childhood Care and Development (6m to 5y)
ECD - Early Childhood Development
ECE - Early Childhood Education
ECED - Early Childhood Education and Development
ECFF - European Commission Food Facility Programme
ECG - Emergency Coordination Group
ECHO - European Commission Humanitarian Office
ECL - Exploitative Child Labour
ECOSOC - UN Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS - Economic Community of West African States
ECPAT - End Child Prostitution, Abuse and Trafficking (Cambodia)
ECR - Equitable Cost Recovery
ECWG - Education Cluster Working Group
Ed - Education
EdGI - Education Global Initiative
EDO - Executive District Officer
EE - Economic Empowerment
EEP - Efficiency, Effectiveness and Productivity
EFA - Education For All
EFC - Emergency Foundation Course
EFT - Electronic Funds Transfer
EGI - Education Global Initiative
EHA - Evaluation of Humanitarian Actions
EHPP -Emergency Hygiene Promotion Package
EHVP - European Humanitarian Volunteer Programme
EIDHR - European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights
EiE - Education in Emergencies
ELDP - Executive Leadership Development Programme
ELHRA - Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance
ELM - Education Learning Materials
ELMT - Enhanced Livelihoods in Mandera Triangle
ELSE - Enhanced Livelihoods in Southern Ethiopia
EMG - Emergency Management Group
EMIS - Education Management Information System
EML - Essential Medicine List
EmONC - Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care
EmOp - Emergency Operation
ENC - Essential Newborn Care
ENP - European Neighbourhood Policy
EO - Economic Opportunities
EOD - Explosive Ordinance Disposal
EOG - Emergency Oversight Group
EOI - Expression Of Interest
EOP - Emergency Operation Programme
EP - Evacuation Plan
EPP - Early Post Partum
EPP - Emergency Preparedness Plan
EPR - Emergency Preparedness and Response
EQUIP - Educational Quality Improvement Program
ERF - Emergency Response Fund
ERP - Emergency Response Personnel
ERS - Early Recovery Sector
ERT - Emergency Response Team
ERW - Explosive Remnants of War
ESL - English as a Second Language
ESOPs - Emergency Standard Operating Procedures
ESSS - Early Steps to School Success
ET - Evaluation Team
ETL - Emergency Team Leader
EU - European Union
EUPS - European Union Programme Support
EVHAC - European Voluntary Humanitarian Aid Corps
EVHP - European Voluntary Humanitarian Programme
EWS - Early Warning System
EYE - Education and Youth Empowerment

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FF&T - Foundations and Trusts
F2F - Face to Face (donor acquisition/fundraising activity)
FA - First Aid
FAK - First Aid Kit
FAM - Food Aid Management
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organisation (UN)
FBF - Fortified Blend Foods
FBO - Faith-Based Organisation
FCHV - Female Community Health Volunteer
FCO - Female Community Organisation
FEWS-NET - Famine Early Warning System Network
FFW - Food For Work
FG - Foster Grandparent
FGD - Focus Group Discussion
FGM - Female Genital Mutilation (note also called FGC Female Genital Cutting)
FM - Field Manager
FMS - Financial Management System (aka Agresso in SCI centre))
FMT - Field Manager Training
FP - Family Planning
FR - Fluent Reader
FRESH - Focusing Resources on Effective School Health
FRWG - Fundraising Working Group
FS - Food Security
FS - Fragile States
FS - Fund Summary
FSL - Food Security and Livelihoods
FSNAU - Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit
FSR - Financial Status Report
FSW - Female Sex Worker
FTE - Full Time Employee
FTI - Fast Track Initiative
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
FTR - Family Tracking and Reunification
FTS - Financial Tracking Service
FY - Fiscal Year (also Full Year)

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GGAD - Gender Assisted Development
GAM - Global Acute Malnutrition
GAVI - Global Alliance for Vaccines and Iniatives
GBV - Gender Based Violence
GCRI - Global Climate Risk Index
GDP - Gross Domestic Product
GER - Gross Enrolment Ratio
GFD - General Food Distribution
GFATM - Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria
GI - Global Initiative
GIEWS - Global Information and Early Warning System
GiK - Gifts in Kind
GIM - Global Impact Monitoring
GIRP - Guided Independent Reading Practice
GIS - Global Information Systems
GM - Growth Monitoring
GMI - Group Maturity Index
GMS - Grant Management System (now called AMS)
GNP - Gross National Product
GoB - Government of Bangladesh
GOI - Global Outcome Indicator
GoK - Government of Kenya
GONGO - Governmental Operated Non-Governmental Organisation (China)
GoP - Government of the Philippines
GPD - Global Program Director
GPE - Global Partnership for Education
GPMU - Goal and Performance Management Unit
GRN - Goods Received Note
GS - Gift Summary
GSS - Global Safety and Security
GWI - Global Water Initiative

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HHA - Humanitarian Assistance
HAC - Humanitarian Aid Commission
HAP - Humanitarian Accountability Project
HB - Home Based
HBA - Home Based Activities
HBB - Helping Babies Breathe
HBC - Home Based Care
HBCV - Home Based Care Volunteer
HC - Health Centre
HCMC - Health Centre Management Committee
HCP - Health Care Provider
HCT - Humanitarian Country Team
HDDS - Household Dietary Diversity Score
HDI - Human Development Index
HE - Health Education
HEA - Household Economy Analysis/Approach
HEART - Healing and Education through the Arts
HERR - Humanitarian Emergency Response Review
HFA - Height For Age
HH - Household
HINI - High Impact Nutrition Interventions
HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HHH - Household Head
HLDP - Humanitarian Leadership Development Programme
HNWI - High Net Worth Individuals
HO - Head Office
HoA - Horn of Africa
HP - Health Post
HPG - Humanitarian Policy Group
HQ - Headquarters
HR - Human Resources
HRBA - Human Rights-Based Approach
HRI - Humanitarian Response Index
HSDP - Humanitarian Skills Development Programme
HSNP - Hunger Safety Net Programme
HSA - Health Surveillance Assistant
HSS - Health System Strengthening (programme)
HST - Humanitarian Support Team
HTP - Harmful Traditional Practice
HTS - Humanitarian Trainee Scheme
HTU - Humanitarian Technical Unit
HTWG - Humanitarian Technical Working Group
HVD - High Value Donor

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IIASC - Inter-Agency Standing Committee
IATI - Independent Aid Transparency Initiative
IAWG - Inter-Agency Working Group
ICCM - Integrated Community Case Management
ICDS - Integrated Child Development Services/Scheme
ICR - Indirect Cost Recovery (similar to overheads)
ICRC - International Committee of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
ICVA - International Council of Voluntary Agencies
IDLO - International Development Law Organisation
IDP - Internally Displaced People/Population
IDSR - Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response
IDTR - Identification, Documentation, Tracing and Reunification
IDU - Injecting Drug User
IEC - Information, Education and Communication
IED Improvised Explosive Device
IFE - Infant Feeding in Emergencies
IFRC - International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent
IFS - Integrated Food Security
IGA - Income Generating Activities
IIC - Investment In Children
ILO - International Labour Organisation
IMAM - Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition
IMC - International Medical Corps
IMCI - Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
IMNCI - Integrated Management of Newborn and Child Illness
IMF - International Monetary Fund
INEE - Inter-agency Network on Education in Emergencies
INGO - International Non-Governmental Organisation
INSO - International NGO Safety Organisation
IOM - International Organisation for Migration
IPC - Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
IP - Implementing Partner
IP - International Programs
IQC - Indefinite Quantity Contract
IRC - International Rescue Committee
IRC - International Committee of the Red Cross
ISAF - International Security Assistance Force (Afghanistan)
ISAL - Internal Savings and Lending
IYCF - Infant and Young Children Feeding

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JJD - Job Description
JEOP - Joint Emergency Operational Plan
JICA - Japan International Cooperation Agency
JRNA - Joint Rapid Needs Assessment


KKAPE - Kampuchea Action for Primary Education
KG - Kindergarten
KII - Key Informant Interview
KMC - Kangaroo Mother Care
KPC - Knowledge, Practices and Coverage
KPI - Key Performance Indicators
KSh - Kenyan Shillings

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LL&D - Learning and Development
LAC - Latin America and Caribbean
LB - Literacy Boost
LBW - Low Birth Weight
LDP - Leadership Development Programme
LDRRMP - Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan
LEGs - Livestock Emergency Guidelines
LG - Local Government
LGU - Local Government Unit
LHW - Lady Health Worker
LICADHO - Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defence of Human Rights
LIG - Low Impact Gardening
LMT - Logistics Management
LoC - Letter of Commitment
LP - Livelihoods Protection
LRRD - Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Development
LSDP - Logistic Skills Development Programme
LWA - Leader With Associate award
LZ - Livelihood Zone

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MM&E - Monitoring and Evaluation
MAM - Moderated Acute Malnutrition
MARP - Most At Risk Populations
MCF - MasterCard Foundation
MCH - Mother/Maternal and Child Health
MCHN - Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition
MCO - Male Community Organisation
MDFT - Multi-Donor Trust Funds
MDG - Millennium Development Goal
MDP - Management Development Programme
MEAL - Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning
MEE - Middle East and Eurasia
MELAG - Monitoring and Evaluation Learning Advisory Group
MES - Ministry of Emergency Situations
MIC - Middle Income Countries
MIP - Management Investment Plan
MIS - Management Information System
MLSI - Ministry of Labour and Social Issues
MMDA Manila Metropolitan Development Authority
MMR - Maternal Mortality Rate
MMT - Middle Management Training
MNCH - Maternal, Newborn and Child Health
MoA - Ministry of Agriculture
MODA - Member Organisational Development Approach
MoE - Ministry of Education
MoES - Ministry of Education and Science
MoEYS - Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports
MoH - Ministry of Health
MoJ - Ministry of Justice
MoNKOAL - Ministry of State for Development of Northern Kenya and Other Arid Lands
MoPH - Ministry of Public Health
MOS - Management Operating Standards
MOS - Minimum Operating Standards
MoSVY - Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation
MoTA - Ministry of Territorial Administration
MoU - Memorandum of Understanding
MOWCA - Ministry Of Women and Children's Affairs
MRI - Mortality Risk Index
MSF- Mdecins Sans Frontires (Doctors Without Borders)
MT - Metric Tonne
MTE - Mid Term Evaluation
MTSR - Mid-Term Strategic Report
MUAC - Middle Upper Arm Circumference (malnutrition measure)

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NNCDM - National Committee for Disaster Management
NCP - National Children's Parliament
NCR - National Capital Region
NCS - Newborn Child Survival
NDCC - National Disaster Coordinating Council
NDMA  - National Disaster Management Authority
NDRRMC - National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council
NDRRMP - National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan
NEDA - National Economic Development Authority
NEP - NGO Education Partnership
NER - Net Enrolment Ratio
NERS - Nutrition Education Rehabilitation Services
NFE - Non-Formal Education
NFI - Non-Food Item
NGO - Non-Governmental Organisation
NGOCRC - NGO Coalition on the Rights of the Child
NHC - Neighbourhood Health Committee
NHRI - National Human Rights Institution
NOVCTF - National Orphans and Vulnerable Children Task Force
NPA - National People's Army
NPAC - National Plan of Action for the Children
NPO - Non-Profit Organisation
NRM - Natural Resource Management
NSC - National Standard of Care (Indonesia)
NSS - National Statistics Service
NTC - National Transitional Council (Libya)
NTC - Non Thematic Cost

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OOCHA - Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN)
OCD - Office of Civil Defence
ODA - Overseas Development Assistance
ODC - Open Day Campaign
OECD-DAC - Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development - Development Assistance Committee
OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance
ODI - Overseas Development Institute
ODP - Outline Development Plan
OHCHR - Steering Committee for Humanitarian Response
OPAC - Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in Armed Conflict
oPt - Occupied Palestinian Territory
OPD - Out-Patient Department
ORS - Oral Rehydration Solution/Salts
OST - Opium Substitution Therapy
OTP - Outpatient Therapeutic Care
OVC - Orphans and Vulnerable Children

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PPACAPS - Pastoral Areas Coordination, Analysis ad Policy Support
PAL - Pre-Approval Letter
PAL - Pre-Award Authorisation Letter
PaP - Port-au-Prince (capital of Haiti)
PCDM - Provincial Committee for Disaster Management
PCM - Pneumonia Case Management
PD - Positive Deviance
PDAK - Child and family support services (Indonesia)
PDI - Pre Departure Information
PDQ - Partnership Defined Quality
PDQ - Program Development and Quality
PDR - Pre Deployment Report
PED - Provincial Education Department
PEFA - Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability
PFM - Public Financial Management
PHAST - Participatory Health and Sanitation Transformation
PHC - Primary Health Care
PHP - Philippines Pesos
PHP - Physical and Humiliating Punishment
PIA - Participatory Impact Assessment
PKR - Pakistani Rupees
PINGON - Philippine International Non-Government Organisation Network
PJJWG - Provincial Juvenile Justice Working Group
PLI - Pastoral Livelihoods Initiative
PLW - Pregnant and Lactating Women
PMO - Project/Programme Management Office
PMTCT - Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission
PNC - Post Natal Care
PND - Public Nutrition Department
PNRC - Philippine National Red Cross
PO - Participating Organisations
PoA - Plan of Action
POD - Program Operations Department
POE - Provincial Office of Education
POVCTF - Provincial Orphaned and Vulnerable Children Task Force
PP - Pre-Primary (education related)
PPHI - People's Primary Healthcare Initiative
PPR - Peste de Petite Ruminant
PRA - Participatory Rural Appraisal
PRBS - Poverty Reduction Budget Support
PRM - Participatory Rangeland Management
PRP - Protracted Recovery Programme
PRSP - Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
PS - Primary School
PSL - Partnership for Saving Lives
PSNP - Productive Safety Nets Programme
PTA/CMC - Parents Teacher Association/Centre Management Committee
PTSA - Parent Teacher Student Association
PVO - Private Voluntary Organization (mostly used in the United States)
PW - Pregnant Women
PWD - People With Disabilities

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Q Q&A - Questions and Answers
QIP - Quick Impact Project
QLE - Quality Learning Environment
QLO - Quality Learning Opportunities
QoS - Quality of Services


R
R&R - Rest and Recreation
RAAN - Regin Autnoma del Atlntico Norte/North Atlantic Autonomous Region
RAC - Regional Advisory Council
RADDHO - African Platform for the Defence of Human Rights
RAE - Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian
RAG - Red, Amber and Green
RAIN - Revitalising Agricultural/Pastoral Income and New Markets
RBA - Rights-Based Approaches
RCG - Regional Coordination Group
RD - Regional Director
RDD - Regional Drought Decision
RDT - Rapid Diagnostic Test (for malaria, HIV...)
REDI - Rapid Emergency Deployment Initiative
REGLAP - Regional Learning and Advocacy Programme for Vulnerable Dryland Communities
RELPA - Regional Enhanced Livelihoods in Pastoral Areas
RFA - Request for Applications
RFP - Request for Proposals
RGC - Royal Government of Cambodia
RH - Reproductive Health
RHC - Rural Health Centre
RIA - Rights Into Action
RIDTRT - Regional Identification Documentation Tracing and Reunification Task force
RMNCH - Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health
RNA - Rapid Needs Assessment
RO - Regional Office
RRAP - Risk Reducation Action Plan
RT - Round table
RTE - Real Time Evaluation
RTI - Respiratory Tract Infection
RTL - Response Team Leader
RUSF - Ready to Use Supplementary Food
RUTF - Ready to Use Therapeutic Food

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SSADC - Southern African Development Community
SAE - Sexual Abuse and Exploitation
SAIEVAC - South Asia Initiative to End Violence Against Children
SAM - Severe Acute Malnutrition
SBA - Skilled Birth Attendant
SB CPC - School Based Child protection Committee
SC - Save the Children
SCA - Save the Children Australia
SCA - South and Central Asia
SCI - Save the Children International
SCN - Save the Children Norway
SCN - Street Children Network
SCS - Save the Children Sweden
SCUK - Save the Children United Kingdom
SCUS - Save the Children United States
SDC - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, DEZA
SDP - Staff Development Programme
SDPP - School Disaster Preparedness Plan
SDRRMG - School Disaster Risk Reduction Management Group
SEA - Sexually Exploitation and Abuse
SEEA - South-East and East Asia
SFP - Supplementary Feeding Programme
SGBV - Sexual and Gender Based Violence
SHG - Self Help Group
SHN - School Health and Nutrition
SIDA - Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
SIP - School Improvement Plan
SLA - Service Level Agreement
SLT - Senior Leadership Team
SMART - Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-Bound (goal setting and planning)
SMC - School Management Committee
SMDP - Senior Development Management Programme
SMT - Senior Management Team
SMT - Senior Management Training
SNEHA - Social Need Education and Human Awareness
SNL - Saving Newborn Lives
SNL - Special Needs Learner
SOF - Source of Funds
SOP - Standard Operating Procedure
SOW - Scope of Work
SOWM - State of the World's Mothers (SC report produced annually)
SPSS - Statistical Packages for Social Sciences
SSC - School Student Council
SSN - Social Safety Nets
SSR - Self Sufficiency ratio (food security)
SSS - Second Shift School
STD - Sexually Transmitted Diseases
STI - Sexually Transmitted Infections
SUN - Scaling Up Nutrition
SWD - Social Welfare Department
SWOT - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
SZOP - Schools as Zones of Peace

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TTA - Technical Advisor/Assistance
TAF - Travel Authorisation Form
TB - Tuberculosis
TBA - Traditional Birth Attendant
TCM - Tackling Child Malnutrition
TDY - Temporary Duty Assignment
TEC - Tsunami Evaluation Centre
TFC - Therapeutic Feeding Centre
TFP - Therapeutic Feeding Programme
TLC - Temporary Learning Centre
TLG - Thematic Leadership Group
TLU - Tropical Livestock Unit
ToC - Theory of Change
ToR - Terms of Reference
ToT -Training of Trainers
TSFP - Targeted supplementary feeding programme
TTI - Tetanus Toxoid I (vaccination)
TVET - Technical and Vocational Education and Training
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UU5DR - Under 5 Crude Death Rate
UAM - Unaccompanied Minor
UC - Union Council
UN - United Nations
UNCRC - United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
UNDAC - United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination
UNDP - United Nations Development Programme
UNDSS - United Nations Department of Security and Safety
UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
UNFPA - United Nations Family Planning Associations
UNHAS - United Nations Humanitarian Air Service
UNHC - United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator
UNHCR - UN High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund
UNISDR - United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
UNMAS - UN Mine Action Service
UNR - Universal Periodic Review
UNRC - United Nations Resident Coordinator
UP - Unified Presence
USAid - United States Agency for International Development
USD - United States Dollars
USG - United States Government
USP - Unit Selling Price
UTF - Ready to Use Therapeutic Food

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V VC - Village Committee
VDC - Village Development Council
VDP - Village Development Programmes
VFM - Value for Money
VFS - Violence Free Schools
VHSG - Village Health Support Group
VNR - Video News Release
VSLA - Village Savings and Loans Association


WWARF - West Africa Rural Foundation
WASH - Water Sanitation and Hygiene
WATSAN - Water and Sanitation
WCA - West and Central Africa
WCCC - Women and Children Consultative Committee
WEO - Woreda Education Office
WFH - Weight For Height
WFP - World Food Programme
WG - Working Group
WHO - World Health Organisation
WRA - Women of Reproductive Age
WUC - Water User Committee
WV - World Vision

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Y YFS - Youth Friendly Service
YFHS - Youth Friendly Health Service
YTD - Year To Date

Thursday

Global Health Certificate Programs

Free certificate programs in Global Health, where one can freely learn
1) Topics of Child Survival
2) Cross-cutting issues
3) Early Childhood Development
4) Family Planning Methods
5) Family Planning Programming
6) Gender and Health
7) Governance and Health
8) Health Systems
7) HIV/AIDS
8) Impact Evaluation of Health Communication Programs
9) Infectious Diseases
10) Maternal Health
11) Monitoring and Evaluation
12) Neonatal Health
13) Nutrition
14) Organizational Change and Knowledge Management (including Knowledge Management in Global Health Programs)
15) Private Sector Approaches (e.g. Total Market Approach, Social Marketing for Health)
16) Reproductive Health Issues (e.g. Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health)

https://www.globalhealthlearning.org/certificate-programs

Wednesday

List of investment books (Vietnamese)

List of investment books in Vietnamese


24 bài học sống còn trên thị trường chứng khoán_William Oneil: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iItIIQRhFxSTyl-rBgIoGD1KLVUhAOSw/view?usp=sharing

Làm giàu qua chứng khoán_William Oneil: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BL5s0LuFuFQ1ekpUs3g1auHM8NAt9mtP/view?usp=sharing

Chết vì chứng khoán: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PLwMR7MGqKBsdELFUKLtPvF5VdDYFrQo/view?usp=sharing

Trên đỉnh phố Wall: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1o7pLC0I7AJxqNfB9z6avq5pZ6tqLU7Gs/view?usp=sharing

Đánh bại phố Wall: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1o1Lq8rC2mqul2wJFZNELkgrNCQlvi2wV/view?usp=sharing

Hồi ức của một thiên tài đầu tư: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X1a6-YgbLi18UppgNFmQO0cSDVVPieM4/view?usp=sharing

Cổ phiếu thường, lợi nhuận phi thường_Fisher: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZvRMzlkYFMEDqOolgEUpiVIa_u86QRrI/view?usp=sharing

Chiến lược đầu tư chứng khoán: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZdV8QIcHao-XKFxzyNVTAAS8biYf4v1j/view?usp=sharing

Bước đi ngẫu nhiên trên phố Wall: https://drive.google.com/file/d/17gXx5_EJLslqQPncCFTfCFR2DwqNA9H-/view?usp=sharing

Nhà đầu tư thông minh: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wVT6BN_ZiKzsUp4tWoX2XGA1WDPgi5A3/view?usp=sharing

Báo cáo tài chính dưới góc nhìn của WB: https://drive.google.com/file/d/11hT_5591msq4o7ENJ-KSzaxKlEToAgDb/view?usp=sharing

Ngay cả Buffett cũng không hoàn hảo: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mk3k5NmhdRIXsTsloWfN2NRGAzhw242h/view?usp=sharing

Quy tắc số 1_P.Town: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1m7P2JWhQSl3TY9Ixj6KKvlwVpev3HDsH/view?usp=sharing

Warren Buffett_Quá trình hình thành một nhà tư bản Mỹ: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PPAQKa9nLNDNSD-FVcrRU2j-mOP4WLAC/view?usp=sharing

Warren Buffett đầu tư như một cô gái: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hDwacqNWFvenv7AHKlj1GIclbccuvNyt/view?usp=sharing

Phố Wall _Một Las Vegas khác:https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ngqmFM1cIybXwbzMseXY0eaQa1BFexNy/view?usp=sharing

Mô thức mới cho thị trường tài chính_G.Soros: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VRrbMwRKaF2-fsbNuw7nGvmuKHDW-oWP/view?usp=sharing

Tâm lý thị trường chứng khoán: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MhYQpGE7sOzvXs8W5CGW4CYnyHD9zdOj/view?usp=sharing

Trò bịp trên phố Wall: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MRzif1eehkbmzrE2xpFpDr-fhYN3F-Y4/view?usp=sharing

Thiên nga đen: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eBCLf1elHJGJ3BSOJwI3wmblvG4VPHDR/view?usp=sharing

Phân tích kỹ thuật từ A-Z: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YZTJHr4PDOd0AT2Gk_M1xMuQu94oQyU0/view?usp=sharing

Phân tích kỹ thuật thị trường chứng khoán: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1R-PM8S6IysbcksoohZ7doo8sES578Fqy/view?usp=sharing

Biểu đồ nến Nhật bản: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1efm2PZfA1T_XyZifHMos0riYOqfFsX-t/view?usp=sharing

Giàu từ chứng khoán: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fyxu8grLObgkO9Ek31wnxtQhMzxoUdR4/view?usp=sharing

Monday

Impact evaluation reading list - for beginners

Key books for beginners in impact evaluation. Read the World Bank books carefully then process to NONIE's book. In order to get hand-on experience, read Khandker's book.

Good luck!

Gertler, P. J., S. Martinez, et al. (2011). Impact evaluation in practice. Washington, The World Bank (first edition) - key designs of impact evaluation

Gertler, P. J., S. Martinez, et al. (2016). Impact evaluation in practice. Washington, The World Bank (second edition) - same as the first edition, with more details

Khandker, S. R. (2003). Handbook on impact evaluation: quantitative methods and practices. Washington, The World Bank. (This one contains Stata codes to run the analyses)

Leeuw, F. and J. Vaessen (2009). Impact evaluations and development: NONIE Guidance on impact evaluation. Washington, The Network of Networks on Impact Evaluation. - this one is a short, concise introduction to impact evaluation


Thursday

Reducing Barriers to Savings in Rural Malawi

The final part of any impact evaluation is to write a policy brief which should be both concise and interesting. There are many examples of how to write a policy brief. Here is one:



Reducing Barriers to Savings in Rural Malawi

Friday

Quality control and Quality Assurance in Social Sciences

Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) are terms rarely used in social sciences though they are in manufacturing industries. For a social scientist seeking jobs in the industries, learning their vocabularies are essential.

QA can be defined as procedures that assure that the product being manufactured will be of good quality.

QC can be defined as assessments of the product once manufactured.

For a social scientist, a product would be a report or article. Commonly used guides or requirements to write a report in a given field can be seen as belonging to quality assurance. Meeting with colleagues, fellows, supervisors, or bosses to discuss design and details of the report are also quality assurance. When the final report is assessed by some ‘external’ body (an invited social science lecturer, anonymous sociologist reviewer, a client, etc.), it is under quality control. Sometimes, a senior team member of a social research team providing services to a client may act as a quality controller (he/she is actually performing a quality assurance role) and ask the rest of the team to revise the product/service before submitting it to the client.

No matter what, if the client is satisfied with the product or service, quality assurance reaches its goal. In other words, having quality is equal to having client satisfaction.

Thursday

Cách nhúng PowerPoint Slides vào trang web bất kỳ

 

Bước 1

Tải file ppt lên Google Drive

Bước 2

Mở file vừa tải bằng Google Slides

Bước 3

Trong Google Slides vào File, chọn Publish to the Web

Tiếp đó chọn ‘Embeded’

Copy đoạn mã Google Slides tạo ra

Bước 4

Nhúng mã vừa copy và trang bạn muốn.

Kỳ thị giữa các tộc người ở Việt Nam - Một số khái niệm và lý thuyết

Tương lai nào cho doanh nghiệp: Tôi nên bỏ việc hay ở lại?


Nhiều khi bạn tự hỏi mình có chọn đúng một cơ quan, doanh nghiệp, tổ chức để cống hiến (và hưởng thụ) hay chưa? Có nên ra đi hay không? Công cụ này có thể giúp chúng ta chuẩn đoán xem tổ chức mà chúng ta đang làm đang ở giai đoạn nào của sự phát triển tổ chức.

Ở giai đoạn khởi nghiệp, quyết tâm khởi nghiệp (chữ E hoa) là quan trọng, và việc tạo ra sản phẩm (p) chỉ là thứ yếu. Vai trò của người lãnh đạo lúc này là quan trọng. Cơ quan bạn lúc này chưa có truyền thống (I) gì cả - tất cả còn đang ở giai đoạn thử- sai, do vậy các chuẩn mực chưa được thiết lập.

Giai đoạn hai là thời kỳ đầu sau giai đoạn khởi nghiệp. Lúc này việc tạo ra sản phẩm là quan trọng (P hoa). Cơ quan bạn bắt đầu có sự quản lý bài bản hơn giai đoạn trước, nhưng chưa nhiều (a thường). Lúc này các sáng kiến khởi nghiệp mới không phải là ưu tiên do cơ quan bạn cần dần đi vào ổn định (e thường). Cơ quan bạn bắt đầu thiết lập được truyền thống của cơ quan - tức là phong cách phục vụ hay sản xuất, chuẩn mực ứng xử giữa nhân viên với nhau, sếp và nhân viên.

Giai đoạn ba là giai đoạn trưởng thành. Với cơ quan bạn lúc này sản xuất và các ý tưởng khởi nghiệp mới đều quan trọng như nhau (P và E hoa). Việc quản lý vẫn được duy trì ở mức vừa phải, và lĩnh vực này ít quan trọng hơn hai lĩnh vực kia (e thường). Truyền thống của công ty vẫn được duy trì ở mức vừa phải (i thường).

Nếu bạn ở vào giai đoạn khởi nghiệp của công ty, khi mà triển vọng phát triển, cũng như truyền thống còn đang mông lung, thì việc bạn cân nhắc nên đi hay ở là việc bình thường.

Nếu bạn đang ở giai đoạn hai hoặc ba, bạn nên cân nhắc lại việc ra đi, vì lúc này công ty đang đi dần vào ổn định, cả về mặt sản xuất (và lợi ích đi kèm) cũng như truyền thống.

Sau giai đoạn trưởng thành công ty của bản có thể có ba ngã rẽ:

Ngã rẽ thứ nhất, cũng là lý tưởng nhất là 'thành thục', tức là mọi thứ đều tốt. Sản xuất tăng trưởng, quản lý được tăng cường, các ý tưởng khởi nghiệp luôn xuất hiện, và truyền thống thì vững mạnh. Tất nhiên bạn nên ở lại để tận hưởng quả ngọt của công ty.

Ngã rẽ thứ hai, không lý tưởng, nhưng có lẽ là phổ biến hơn, gọi là 'ổn định'. Lúc này khía cạnh quản lý được tăng cường so với giai đoạn tăng trưởng (A hoa). Các lĩnh vực còn lại (sản xuất, khởi nghiệp, và truyền thống) đều ở mức bình thường. Nếu bạn an phận với những gì đang có, bạn không nên đi.

Ngã rẽ thứ ba, có lẽ là tệ hơn cả, đó là việc cơ quan bạn trở nên ngày càng quan liêu hơn. Quan liêu có nghĩa là tăng cường hay làm phình bộ máy quản lý hành chính, mà giảm dần hoặc không chú tâm tới sản xuất, khởi nghiệp và truyền thống. Ngã rẽ này có ba nấc. Ở nấc thứ nhất, quản lý được ưu tiên hơn sản xuất, còn khởi nghiệp và truyền thống bị quên lãng. Ở nấc thứ hai, chỉ còn có quản lý là quan trọng, ba khía cạnh kia bị lãng quên. Và nấc cuối cùng là chẳng còn gì quan trọng cả, cơ quan bạn đang hoặc đã chết. Bạn nên ra đi.

Wednesday

Những lỗi cơ bản cần tránh khi đặt câu hỏi trong bảng hỏi

1- Tránh đặt câu hỏi đa nghĩa:

Ví dụ:

Bạn đồng ý hay không đồng ý với phát biểu sau đây:

‘Nghiện rượu và cờ bạc là những vấn đề nghiêm trọng ở nông thôn Việt Nam’

Người trả lời có thể đồng ý với ‘nghiện rượu’ nhưng không đồng ý với ‘cờ bạc’

2-Tránh đặt câu hỏi đe dọa thể diện người trả lời:

Ví dụ:

Năm vừa qua có bao nhiêu lần anh say rượu ?

Người trả lời thường không nói thật khi thấy thể diện bị đe dọa

3-Tránh đặt câu hỏi dẫn dắt:

Ví dụ:

“Anh sẽ đóng tiền để ủng hộ những người nghèo bị ung thu chứ?”

Câu hỏi dạng này ngầm định hướng câu trả lời cho người trả lời.

4-Tránh đặt câu hỏi có từ vựng gây khó hiểu

Ví dụ:

“Trong 12 tháng qua, sinh kế chính của anh là gì?”

Nhà nghiên cứu thường hiểu sinh kế có năm thành phần (vốn xã hội, tài sản, tài chính, con người, tự nhiên). Người được hỏi có thể cho rằng sinh kế là ‘cách kiếm tiền’.

5-Tránh đặt các câu hỏi có cấu tạo giống nhau ở gần nhau để tránh kiểu trả lời hàng loạt mà không để ý nội dung

Ví dụ:

Có 10 câu hỏi dùng để đo thái độ đối với nạo phá thai. Các câu này cùng có dạng Likert (5 mục, từ Rất không đồng ý đến Rất đồng ý). Người trả lời dễ cho rằng chúng đều thể hiện một chiều đo cho nên sẽ dễ dàng chọn một loạt phương án ‘Rất không đồng ý’ khi muốn thể hiện thái độ phản đối nạo phá thai của mình. Họ làm thế mà không cần nhìn qua nội dung các câu hỏi. Điều này khiến cho các câu trả lời giống nhau tăm tắp, nhưng không thực sự phản ánh các mức độ khác nhau của sự không đồng ý ở mỗi người.

 

Kết luận

Để tránh được những vấn đề trên, cần phải thử nghiệm bảng hỏi kỹ càng trước khi thực hiện thu thập thông tin. Cần hỏi thử khoảng 20 người và yêu cầu họ đánh giá bằng cách cho điểm từng câu hỏi về độ dễ hiểu của câu hỏi, khả năng đe dọa thể diện của câu hỏi, vv. Có thể tránh các câu trả lời ‘đều tăm tắp’ bằng cách làm cho định dạng của một vài câu hỏi khác đi so với các câu còn lại (cùng đo một khái niệm hay thái độ), hoặc phân tán chúng ở những nơi khác nhau trong bảng hỏi.

Monday

Livelihood Recovery Reading List

 

CARE (2002). Household livelihood security assessment, CARE.

Chambers, R. and G. Conway (1991). "Sustainable rural livelihoods: practical concepts for the 21st century." IDS Discussion Paper 296.

Coalition, N. C. (2016). Natural Capital Protocol, Natural Capital Coalition.

Department for International Development (1999). Sustainable livelihood guidance sheets, Department for International Development,.

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) (2003). Handbook for establishing the socio-economic and environmental effects of disasters, ECLAC.

FAO (2004). Livelihood diversification and natural resource access, FAO. LSP Working Paper 9.

FAO (2009). The livelihood assessment tool-kit: analyzing and responding to the impact of disasters on the livelihoods of people.

International Finance Corporation (2012). Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement, International Finance Corporation.

International Recovery Platform (IRP) (2009). Gender and livelihood, IRP.

International Recovery Platform (IRP) (2009). Intervention strategy for sustainable livelihood recovery and selected case studies, IRP.

International Recovery Platform (IRP) (2009). Introduction to livelihood recovery, IRP.

International recovery Platform (IRP) (2009). Planning sustainable livelihood recovery, IRP.

International recovery Platform (IRP) (2009). Supporting livelihood in disaster recovery, IRP.

National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (USA NOAA) (2003). Guidelines for reducing floods losses. Dhaka, USA NOAA.

Natural Capital Finance Alliance (2012). The Natural Capital Declaration, Natural Capital Finance Alliance.

Oxfam (2002). Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis Toolkit, Oxfam.

ProVention Consortium (2005). South Asia earthquake 2005: Learning from previous recovery operations, ProVention Consortium.

The SEEP Network (2009). Minimum Standards For Economic Recovery After Crisis, The SEEP Network.

UNDP (2008). Guidance note on early recovery. Geneva, UNDP.

UNDP (2010). Guidance note on recovery, UNDP.

Phục hồi sinh kế là gì?

1) Thế nào là một sinh kế:

Một sinh kế bao gồm:

a) các năng lực,

b) tài sản (gồm các nguồn vật chất và xã hội), và,

c) các hoạt động cần thiết

để làm phương tiện sinh sống.

Một sinh kế được coi là bền vững khi nó:

d) có thể thích ứng với, và phục hồi từ, các căng thẳng và các cú sốc, và,

e) duy trì hoặc tăng cường các năng lực và tài sản của nó cả ở hiện tại và tương lai, mà,

f) không làm ảnh hưởng tới nền tảng nguồn lực tự nhiên

(Chambers and Conway 1991)

2) Thế nào là phục hồi sinh kế:

Từ định nghĩa trên, phục hồi sinh kế nghĩa là:

a) Phục hồi năng lực của hộ gia đình bị ảnh hưởng

b) Phục hồi tài sản sinh kế hộ gia đình bị ảnh hưởng

c) Phục hồi hoạt động của hộ gia đình bị bị ảnh hưởng

d) Phục hồi có nghĩa là ít nhất bằng như trước

e) Sinh kế được phục hồi phải bền vững

Đọc thêm

Chambers, R. and G. Conway (1991). "Sustainable rural livelihoods: practical concepts for the 21st century." IDS Discussion Paper 296.

Thursday

Kỹ thuật ngẫu nhiên hóa câu trả lời (Randomized Response Technique)

Có những câu hỏi nhạy cảm và người ta không muốn trả lời trực tiếp, vậy thì làm thế nào. Kỹ thuật ngẫu nhiên hóa câu trả lời cho phép người trả lời được chọn, bằng việc quay đồng xu xấp ngửa, trả lời một câu không ‘nhạy cảm’ hoặc là một câu nhạy cảm (chính là câu ta muốn hỏi).

Ví dụ: Người được hỏi được đề nghị quay một đồng xu, nếu nó xấp thì trả lời câu

1) Ngày sinh của anh là tháng 9 hoặc tháng 10 phải không?

Nếu nó ngửa, thì trả lời câu 2

2) Anh đã bao giờ lái xe trong khi say rượu chưa?

Nhà nghiên cứu không được phép biết là người trả lời đã quay được xấp hay ngửa (tức là trả lời câu 1 hay 2) mà chỉ ghi lại số lần trả lời là ‘Có’ / ‘Đúng’

Ví dụ ta hỏi 36 người theo cách trên và thu được 12 câu trả lời ‘Có’ / ‘Đúng’. Vậy tỷ lệ người đã từng lái xe khi say rượu là bao nhiêu? Xem mô hình sau:

Cơ chế dùng để xác định câu hỏi về ngày sinh hay là lái xe khi say rượu (tung đồng xu)

 

 

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36 người được hỏi, có 12 câu trả lời Có/Đúng

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Nếu đồng xu là cân và không có thiên lệch, một nửa số người sẽ chọn được câu về ngày sinh (36/2=18)

Nếu đồng xu là cân và không có thiên lệch, một nửa số người sẽ chọn được câu về lái xe say rượu (36/2=18)

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1 năm có 12 tháng, xác xuất để 1 người sinh tháng 9 hoặc 10 là 2/12 = 1/6. Do ta có 18 người, số người sinh vào tháng 9, 10 = 18x1/6= 3

________.

 

Do số người trả lời ‘Có’/ ‘Đúng’ ở câu ngày sinh là 3, số người trả lời ‘Có’ / ‘Đúng’ ở câu lái xe say rượu là 12 – 3 =9

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Vậy tỷ lệ lái xe khi say rượu là

9/18 hay là 50% ở nhánh phải và 9/36 hay là 25% trên mẫu

Nhược điểm của kỹ thuật này: không xác định được trường hợp cụ thể nào là case, mà chỉ biết rằng hiện tượng đó có tỷ lệ là như thế.

Reliability after Factor Analysis: Composite Reliability Calculator

Measurement is a serious topic in social science. Validity and reliability should always be the central interest of social scientists who are in charge of developing data collection tools and analysis plans.

This tool allows you to calculate composite reliability based on standardized factor loadings and error variance

http://www.thestatisticalmind.com/calculators/comprel/composite_reliability.htm

Please send thanks to the author.

Wednesday

How to do a simple cost effective analysis

This tool guides you how to do a rather simple cost effective analysis. At some point in the project management cycle, you may think of doing this, or you may be asked to answer questions like: In order to create 1% change in a people’s perception of HIV/AIDS, how much a campaign has spent? Is it worth doing so?

http://www.tools4dev.org/resources/how-to-do-a-basic-cost-effectiveness-analysis/

Tuesday

Composite Reliability Calculator

Measurement is a serious topic in social science. Validity and reliability should always be the central interest of social scientists who are in charge of developing data collection tools and analysis plans.

This tool allows you to calculate composite reliability based on standardized factor loadings and error variance

http://www.thestatisticalmind.com/calculators/comprel/composite_reliability.htm

Please send thanks to the author.

U of Essex gives alumni free access to JSTOR

After leaving the university, it is not always easy for graduates to download an academic article from good journals. University of Essex is support its alumni to continue researching by providing them free access to an extremely large academic source – JSTOR. Without this, an alumnus has to pay US$ 12 for each article downloaded.

Evidence Gap Map

This is a very interesting tool for any project officer who want to review and detect gaps in development work. Below are the extract quote as it explains everything needed:

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3ie’s EGMs are thematic evidence collections covering a particular issue such as education, HIV and AIDS, or agriculture. EGMs consolidate what we know and do not know about ’what works’ in a particular sector or sub-sector by mapping out existing and ongoing systematic reviews and impact evaluations in that sector.
EGMs identify evidence from systematic reviews and impact evaluations and provide a graphical display of areas with strong, weak or non-existent evidence on the effect of development programmes and initiatives.
EGMs are useful for policymakers and development practitioners looking for evidence to inform policies and programmes. For donors and researchers, these maps can inform a strategic approach for commissioning and conducting research.
EGMs are not intended to provide recommendations or guidelines for policy and practice, but are meant to be sources that inform policy development and guidelines for practice.

How are evidence gap maps conducted?

The methods for conducting EGMs draw on the principles and methodologies adopted in existing evidence mapping and synthesis products. 
The framework is developed based on a review of the academic and policy literature, and when possible, in consultation with relevant policymakers and other key stakeholders. The included studies are identified through a comprehensive search of published and unpublished literature. EGMs include both completed and ongoing studies to help identify research in development which might help fill existing evidence gaps.
To inform decisions about policies and programming, EGMs include a comprehensive collection of relevant systematic reviews which are critically appraised by 3ie staff. The links to summaries allow users to explore the findings of systematic reviews, and to make an informed judgment about the extent to which they can rely on the systematic review evidence for decision making.
To inform strategic research prioritisation, EGMs include both impact evaluations and systematic reviews. The visual representation of all the existing evidence allows users to identify key gaps where little or no evidence from impact evaluations and systematic reviews is available and where future research should be focused.
To know more about evidence gap maps and the methodology used to identify studies, read World Bank policy working paper authored by 3ie's systematic review experts entitled Evidence gap maps - a tool for promoting evidence informed policy and prioritizing future research"